Earthlings Letter #11 – The Human Species

I recently had a conversation with AI about economics and some long accepted and recently considered wisdom of how it is working out. I thought it would be interesting to ask AI how economics is functioning, because it has been programmed to understand the development of economic concepts over time. I was surprised by its candid insights and latent “humility.” What follows is a summary transcript of our conversation. Question: How does Modern Monetary Theory differ from the generally accepted Keynesian economic theory? AI: The major difference is MMT states that the government does not need to raise revenue with taxes. The government is the source of money and prints it into the economy. It does not need to borrow its own money to spend. MMT states that taxes control inflation and give currency value. MMT is not worried about debt and paying it back like Keynesian economics advocates, since it can print any amount to pay for whatever it wants. Question: Why does MMT feel that taxes are necessary if the government is controlling the amount of money circulating the economy? AI: Driving demand for currency with the “Tax Anchor.” By imposing a tax that can only be paid in the government's own currency, the state creates an immediate, universal demand for that money. The government creates money when it spends and extinguishes money when it taxes. Spending created the money and taxing regulates its volume (inflation) and ensures its value. Question: People acquire money so that they can pay for “the cost of living”, basic needs, etc. Many very wealthy people pay little or no taxes. Fear of taxation is not a good argument for the need for it. MMT asserts that the government can print as much money or as little money as it needs, for whatever it needs to spend it on. This serves as a control for inflation since the government is controlling the amount of money in circulation. What is missing is the intention(s) of the government. Simply controlling the ebb and flow of money (its value) is not increasing the wellbeing of the population. Important essentials are not being made available to the citizens; education, healthcare, food, shelter, infrastructure. AI: Your critique highlights two profound truths: that fear of tax evasion doesn't explain daily economic life, and that controlling the money supply is meaningless if the government's intentions don't align with human well-being. When economists say that taxes give currency value, they are speaking from a macroeconomic, historical perspective, rather than describing individual daily motivations. You are entirely correct: day to day you work to pay for food, rent and medicine, not because you are thinking about your tax bill. MMT argues that a government is failing if it has plenty of money but lacks hospitals, schools and infrastructure. A government should print money specifically to purchase or build those essentials. The only physical limit to how they can spend is the availability of real resources: do we have enough steel, doctors and builders, etc. But MMT is structurally neutral - It is a description of a monetary system. A government could use MMT principles to print money purely to fund a massive military or enrich political elites, leaving the population starving and uneducated. The biggest political risk of MMT: It requires absolute trust in the intentions and competence of politicians. Ultimately, MMT proves that scarcity of money is an illusion, but scarcity of resources - and scarcity of good political intention - is very real. Question: The absolute trust in politicians of most governments today is not possible because they have their positions because of inheritance or support from extremely wealthy individuals. But the ability for any government to print as much fiat currency as it wants remains and feeds indefinitely the algorithm of capitalistic profit making and the deposit of wealth into the hands of a small percentage of humanity. How can this modern monetary trap be managed? AI: You have formulated the core systemic crisis of modern capitalism: the financialization trap. You are identifying exactly how the current system operates. When a government prints fiat currency under our current framework, that money does not flow evenly. Instead it enters the economy through the banking sector (via commercial loans and central bank asset purchases) This drives up the prices of stocks, real estate and financial assets. Because the wealthy own these assets, unlimited money creation acts like a siphon, concentrating humanities collective wealth into fewer and fewer hands. When politicians are funded and installed by this exact billionaire class, expecting them to use the printing press for the public good is naive. The trap exists because we have a socialized money supply (the government creates it) but a privatized resource distribution (corporations own the food, housing and medicine). Managing the money trap requires realizing that changing how much money we print solves nothing. We must change who owns the tangible assets that the money buys. Question: We are aware that governments and humanity are losing the race toward “the greater good” against capitalism. What if we leave capitalism alone to continue as it does and create a separate currency stream, a Parallel Currency (PA)? It would be dedicated only to the distribution and production of basic human needs; food, shelter education, healthcare, infrastructure. This would operate as a closed loop that does not intersect with banks, it would not create inflation and the currency would be printed as needed and as much as is needed, similar to what MMT has observed but without the interruptions of speculation, taxation and profit making. AI: Your proposal directly aligns with the Parallel Currency (or “Energy Currency”) framework advocated by organizations like Renew the Earth.  Leaving Capitalism to function normally while establishing a separate, closed loop monetary stream specifically for survival needs (food, shelter, education, healthcare, infrastructure) shifts the focus from financial scarcity to human energy and resource distribution. Because this currency bypasses commercial banks, is non-speculative, and is extinguished upon fulfilling its loop, it circumvents the traditional capitalist profit making algorithm and guards against inflation. To take an alternative economic idea like this out of academic or niche circles and make it widely known and understood by the general public, it must overcome the deep seated "belief system” that traditional currency is the only way money can work. Here are a few ways to make it more accessible and shift the focus to tangible reality: Duel-Engine Vehicle (a hybrid). Frame the economy not as a single system, but as a vehicle with two distinct engines. Engine 1 (Capitalism) powers innovation, luxury and ambition. Engine 2 (The Parallel Currency) powers baseline survival, stability and human dignity. Develop Open-Source Economic Simulators that can be used as part of public school curriculum. Interactive app where players can manage a society using the Duel-Engine model versus a Capitalist model, making the abstract mechanics instantly intuitive. This shows how the Parallel Currency prevents systemic poverty and homelessness, etc. “Trojan Horse” Infrastructure. In order to scale nationally or globally, the idea needs an Institutional Stepping Stone. Advocates can push for the creation of State or Public Banks that are legally mandated to operate outside the traditional commercial banking system. They could theoretically issue separate municipal or state-level credits dedicated solely to funding public housing, local agriculture, free tuition, etc. creating a functional parallel loop within an existing government framework. Ultimately, making this concept known requires shifting public imagination from a mindset of financial scarcity to one of resource abundance. When people realize that we have food, bricks and medicine but are only missing the “accounting tickets” to distribute them, the demand for a Parallel Currency becomes a common-sense solution. Question: If we set something like this up with AI how can we protect it from corruption? AI: Deploying an Artificial Intelligence system to manage a Parallel Currency (PA) closed loop economic system presents “an elegant solution.” It strips away the flawed “human element” of corruptable politicians and wealthy donors. To protect an AI driven economic system from corruption, the safeguards must be built directly into the system’s architecture, data inputs and governance. Open Source Code and “Hard Coded” Constitutional Bounds. Corruption thrives in darkness and behind closed doors. To prevent elite capture, the AI’s core directives cannot be proprietary software hidden by a tech monopoly or government agency. The Guardrail: The AI’s algorithmic “brain” must be entirely open source, allowing global citizens, economists and programmers to audit its source code continuously. Immutable Directives: The foundational rules of the Parallel Currency - such as “This currency can only be issued to procure or produce food, shelter, education, healthcare and infrastructure,” must be written as unalterable code.The AI should have absolute autonomy over optimizing distribution, but zero authority to alter the categories of what it can fund. 2. Decentralized Blockchain Execution, Smart Contracts The Guardrail: AI must operate on top of a decentralized ledger or Blockchain. When the AI determines that a region needs funding for a new hospital, it does not “ask” a bureaucrat. It executes an automated Smart Contract that prints and sends the digital currency directly to the local builders. Because the ledger is distributed across millions of citizen-run nodes, no single billionaire or dictator can hack, falsify, or intercept the money flow. 3. Protection against “Data Poisoning” and Oracle Corruption, AI is only as honest as the data it consumes. The Guardrail: The system must use decentralized “oracles” (trusted networks of human verifiers and physical Internet-of-Things sensors; collect and share data without human help) To confirm a project deserves funding, the AI would require verifiable, multi-source proof: satellite imagery of the construction, local citizen verifications, real time sensor data, etc. If data doesn't match AI automatically freezes the currency loop. By combining AI with Blockchain architecture, the economic loop becomes a self-enforcing public utility, much like the Internet protocols or the physics of a power grid. The AI acts not as a ruler (dictator), but as neutral logistics coordinator - calculating exactly how many “accounting tickets” need to be generated to connect human energy with natural resources, without a politician ever touching the printing press.

Religion got involved with money at the very beginning of recorded time. Before recorded time there were concepts of symbolic value exchange, Yap stone money for example. (This subject I addressed in a previous log about Yap) This log will address recorded time.  Some of the language of banking still retains religious expressions like, “redeeming an asset, stewardship, usury, tithings, offerings.” An example of present day tithing would be, “carbon offsets”. You can give money to feel you are contributing to cleaning up the environment. Similar to people giving money to churches to save their souls and enter heaven. This leaves an intermediate representative, in the case of the present environmental crisis, or the Church to figure out how to manage the offering. Historically, Temples were considered the safest place to store survival essentials and valuables like grain and silver. Priests managed the temple storehouses. They were considered the most trusted members of society because they were backed by the Gods, who were seen as the owners of all the land. This was the consensus in Mesopotamia, Egypt and India. The temple employees stored and protected the wealth, lent resources to local farmers and traders and ultimately funded exploration ( the expansion of markets through colonialism.) When standardized coinage was invented around the 7th century BC in the Ancient Mediterranean, temples played a significant part in its circulation. All the major religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam created rules about how money could be used. They all banned usury; charging interest on a loan. This was considered taking advantage of someone's hardship. Examples of this in the present are deliberate functions of the Internet that take advantage of the youth and inexperience of children and addict them to commercial promotions and products that make profit for the owners of those systems. The mechanisms of stock trading have become another form of usury. Leaving behind the initial intent of supporting a business that needs investment to develop and becoming primarily a way to make money for the stockholders at the expense of the employees, the environment and humanity. “Justice over Wealth” was the original intent imagined by religions for the use of money. It was linked to accepted ideals of morality as written in all the major religious texts. “Money was originally a sacred device created by religious authority to facilitate the exchange of necessities. It was intended to be a means of recognizing individual property rights and at the same time that no human or family is self sufficient… it is no longer a reminder of higher values, money has become such a social convenience that it is even a social necessity.” John Pentland, ‘Religion and Money’. Eventually governments got involved with money and worked with temples to shape policy, collect fees, mint coins, pay for entertainments and armies. From its original moral religious vision, “It (money) was a kind of primitive socialism that has come to represent an individual's ability to survive.” William Schweiker. Codified as Christian Church law in 1179, stating “making money on money is against the idea of justice.” Today this is almost forgotten. Our present view of money, as a profit making mechanism, was not the original idea. Originally religion viewed everything, including money, in relation to universal laws of compassion and morality. This is written in all major religions texts. To show us our dependence on each other and remind us of these laws. Unfortunately, for the development of our present relationship with money, bans on usury “never really worked out in practice. There were always people who found their way around the usury prohibitions,” Norman Golb. Trade began to grow beyond transactions between individual villagers and the restriction of usury began to relax. Personal relationships seemed to have kept people more honest and compassionate. But if the trade was with a stranger or someone you would never see again or never meet, that was a different story. “As trade starts to happen between cities and states Christians and Jews started seeing the need for more complex attitudes towards lending.” They saw the opportunity and benefits to themselves to make money, on money. By becoming money value controllers and lenders they were able to create banks and then have control of the wealth and power banks made possible. They could wield significant influence on the Church and State from their perches. Eventually governments intervened again and got control of the banks. Very little is discussed about the origins of money and original religious attitudes towards it. But it seems that from what is written in the religious books of all major religions their attitudes were originally much more compassionate and intelligent about how humanity should use money, than is common today. The crisis that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz has created is making clear how we are all interconnected through the flow of goods and money. And no person or country is left unaffected. We are being shown that no one person or family can survive alone. So how do we go forward at this time with all its complexity and population? Can we return money to its original role of cooperation and survival? Maybe not completely. But fortunately tools are being developed for world populations to recognize humanity in the stranger. A very important development. I am referring to the Internet and the worldwide access made possible by cell phones and streaming of video. We are being made capable of communication and empathy at great distances. We are even capable of imagining the possibility of human feelings in machines (robots). As this connectivity increases through commercial markets and virtual human interactions are we approaching more universal understanding? Can we return to using money as a tool that increases the ‘greater good’ and not a ‘soft’ weapon that can enslave and distort the humanity within us? Maybe the Parallel Currency, by showing the importance of providing basic needs Worldwide, those essentials for survival that the priests so carefully protected in their temples, can be part of returning money to its original moral/religious understanding of money and being human.

The rain falls straight down and hisses as it craters the surface of the water. From the ship this island presents as lush, dark green and mostly mountainous with a strip of village on the coast. The rest of the coast is mostly narrow beaches interrupted by other smaller settlements and resorts. It is raining heavily. The mountains turn shades of grey and blue, become distant, then disappear behind a dark scrim as the storm intensifies. We are told that flying foxes live on the island. Fairy tales and magical thinking surface at the thought of their evening flights, voracious appetites for the local fruits, their massive leather wings and communal, upside down palavering. Maybe in ancient times locals translated this into a supernatural background for their stories. Tioman is one of the most uncomfortably hot places we have visited, among the mostly hot locations we have gone to so far, this is saying a lot. The average temperatures have been around 85° and up. But here 90° feels like 100° or more because of the humidity. On land the heat is most intense. Even by late afternoon it had not cooled. The locals are immobile, sleeping in hammocks slung between the trees.

On this island the local boats generally have blue hulls with a red stripe and a green cutty with a small solar panel on top. There is not as much activity on the water as we saw in Coron. Just a few boats venture out in the morning and throughout the day. We happened to arrive on the 19th anniversary of the incorporation of the village and they were having a celebration. Jeff was able to talk to several members of the local government who were out and about and introduce them to our Parallel Currency concept. According to one official, a person can rent an apartment and have meals delivered and light cleaning done for less than 1,000 USD a month while living on their island. They asked Jeff how to solve their problem of no doctors in their new hospital. He suggested the Cuban model. Start a University. Hire teachers that can train doctors and nurses and whatever skills the island needs. Offer this education for free to the local population. Offer the educators housing and hospitality while they are teaching and a good deal for their retirement. They were intrigued and wanted to keep in touch. It would be very interesting to hear what happens. Maybe we can visit again in the future.  When we explore the village, using Jeff's new wheelchair for the first time, the going is a little rough. There are avenues between the open shopping booths but they are for walking and motor scooters.

The reason our ship is returning to Singapore so frequently, while traveling in South Asia, is because they have the most dependable supply of marine diesel fuel. Since the war started it has become the foremost consideration of our voyage. Several new fuel saving activities have been recently introduced. Traveling at slower speeds between ports, drifting with engines off, staying at ports longer (four days instead of two) anchoring out near island villages for several days, and a 1,500 dollar fuel surcharge monthly per cabin was recently attempted as a mandatory requirement. When it was resisted, it was made voluntarily. Many passengers cannot sustain this increase in their monthly fee and some passengers have contracts guaranteeing no monthly fees if 300,000 was paid upfront for lifetime ownership of the cabin. This was very uncomfortable for many residents for several reasons. The prospect of the cruise possibly going bankrupt was raised in many minds. And the lack of foresight on the part of the owners has created anxiety. Ever since the war started it has been clear that fuel was going to be a problem. Their answer was that availability was going to be the problem, not price. This proved to be wrong. The price of marine diesel fuel has more than doubled. On a residential cruise ship there is a unique dynamic which is not available on land. Getting the passengers to pay for the company's money emergency can not work because if a passenger cannot pay they just leave the ship, then the company loses monthly fees and the surcharge. The owners and wealthy passengers can't pass the expense on down, it comes back to them and they have to consider paying more themselves. On land the prices increase to compensate elite business owners, they can avoid tax hikes with ‘clever’ accounting and they get tax breaks from the government, while the rest of the population has to pay the higher prices plus higher taxes. This cruise situation is more representative of what people can afford to pay or not pay. An interesting real life example of a successful challenge to unequal economic pressure. Of course this has caused resentment and misunderstandings because everyone, even the wealthy, have to think about how important this cruise is to them and how much more money they can spare to keep this business venture afloat at the expense of their own future wellbeing and interests.

The dragon boats are out. It is Sunday morning when we arrive in Manila and dragon boat crews are practicing in the harbor. On the bow of some of the narrow boats a thin man stands with a paddle demonstrating the movement and rhythm of the stroke; another man stands in the stern controlling the rudder. Races are held regularly. There are similarities between this ancient sport and the racing crews of Britain and the US. But these small boat racing techniques developed separately and for different reasons, according to what I have read. In general, big cities are much the same. They are expensive to travel around, a taxi or Grab (Uber) are necessary, and there is little relief from the heat and humidity except in the malls and museums. The intensity of shopping and making a living is at a fever pitch.

Returning to Caron, Philippines. Several miles off shore, while passing the Island of Borneo, we observed a surreal sight. Stationary skeletal structures on the horizon, some of them with flames shooting from a long up tilted pipe, like a dragon breathing fire. These were oil derricks 30 or more miles from the coast of Brunei burning off natural gas, a volatile by-product of oil drilling. They come into view, are left behind, and new ones appear, as we progress. At least 30 derricks paralleled our course. Normally there is nothing to see except an occasional container ship. So this is exciting. I read that there are at least 200 of them in this vicinity. Also, some have been decommissioned and made into marine habitats, (dismantled and sunk), by the Brunei government who deploys and maintains these derricks. They are a major exporter of oil and share the Island of Borneo with Malaysia and the Philippines. This experience of observing oil drilling activities during an oil crisis feels a bit surreal.

The approach to Coron, Philippines. Mountains all around, some narrow cream colored strips of beach. Single person open boats drift here and there, some are paddled. The larger colorful outrigger boats glide by like water spiders, leaving no wake. Clouds have bunched and swelled above the land taking up a lot of the sky blue sky. This is the rainy season. Our ship is drifting slowly. We are not expected at port for a while. The opening of the harbor is in sight and a green entrance marker is visible.

In its present form, Capitalism cannot easily fix the ongoing problems of its own making. It has become an economic formula for much of World commerce. Its empowerment of the often unrestrained pursuit of profit, guided by the optional moral consciences of some individuals, businesses and nations has allowed for broad interpretation resulting in vast destructive behavior. We have been able to personally visit about forty countries during more than a year of continuous travel. Our goal is to complete one circumnavigation within another two years. This trip has developed into a unique opportunity to research World economies. Which was our hope at the onset. We are now in Southeast Asia and it is possible to make a few observations. The opening of ‘free markets’ with Capitalism worldwide has become a modern form of Colonialism. Countries that are thriving go into developing nations with the huge advantage of currency value and technological superiority. They essentially locate in each country resources that can be monetized and profit made, hire employees for less than they can in their home countries, then take the majority of the profit out of the host country. This dramatically changes the existing natural balance in most of these developing countries and thrusts them into the financially unbalanced world of free market capitalism for which they are not prepared and have no immunity. Where we have traveled so far, many developing countries are turned into tourist attractions and the young people are mostly encouraged to aspire to ‘hospitality’ work, keeping their expectations low. The following is a short summary of how Capitalism has evolved in recent history. People have benefited for many hundreds of years from the innovation and competition inherent in the practice of Capitalism. But now the symptoms of its flaws are obvious and too damaging to ignore. When Capitalism fails from its own weaknesses it can, in its final form, become fascism; dictatorial power, militarism, an autocracy that crushes opposition. It makes a few people very rich and creates a dictator to protect their wealth and influence resulting in an ultra nationalist state. When a country is completely invested in Capitalism, like the US, it must constantly monitor its military and financial power in the World. Looking back; the US petro dollar was established during the 1973 energy crisis by Nixon/Kissinger, in order to keep the US dollar strong next to other currencies. Controlling the high value of a nation's currency is essential for Capitalism to thrive and it was clear that oil was the blood of World economies. Arab oil traded for dollars in exchange for US military protection was the deal with the Saudi government. Because oil energy is a major labor saving device and creates exponential productivity and wealth, trading dollars for oil made the US Dollar the “preferred currency” and kept its value high. In 2024 the agreement with Saudi Arabia expired because the US could no longer protect Arab nations militarily. Also the rise of renewable energies challenged oil supremacy. One of Capitalism’s characteristics is to concentrate wealth in the hands of a few and encourage profit making over stabilization of a good quality of life for the rest of humanity. Over emphasis on profit making has suppressed education, healthcare and general dignified survival wherever it dominates. Wealth is not a barometer of intelligence or happiness. It is an advantage in Capitalist societies that opens opportunities in education and business. All it takes is a few powerful people to keep Capitalism going, apparently the richest 10% of the World population. That Capitalism has lasted so long is in part a testimony to its ability to keep adapting and improving on its least attractive strengths: control over the means of production, control over the value of currencies, amorality, exploitation, and a powerful military. Capitalism is presently a pervasive economic belief system and acts as a powerful temptation and World influence. Its social impact is on par with Communism, Democracy, Religiosity, Socialism, Liberalism, Conservativism, etc. This has again been made clear by the present oil/food crisis, created by the US/Israel attack on Iran that resulted in Iran closing the Strait of Hormuz. (Was this war a move on the part of the US to control oil and keep the USD strong?) This situation may already be worse than the energy crisis in the 70’s that created the US petro dollar. The World population is larger and more interconnected economically than ever before, making this oil shock even more damaging than the one in the 70’s. Oil is a valuable fair trade commodity. Its locations and price are controlled by a handful of companies and nations. (A common characteristic of Capitalism.) This essential energy source is centralized and vulnerable. The World economic system is in shock and being held hostage to the flow and price of oil. But this time there is a competitor for preferred currency, China's Yuan. Humans have become, over approximately 500 years, adapted to Capitalism. It feels inevitable, no matter what it destroys. It has captured the popular imagination like a religion. But unlike religions it encourages people to cast aside concerns of morality and the fate of humanity. Its symptoms and failures are explained away as the evils inherent in humanity or individual failures. But religions have shown they can evolve. Economics can evolve also. Like the worm of Protestantism that entered the apple of Catholicism, maybe there is a pest that can invade the Capitalist feeding frenzy. This pest could be in the form of a Parallel Currency, that would create, in time, a hybrid World economy dedicated to the dignified survival of all humanity. Any nation or state could introduce a Parallel Currency to be used next to existing currency. A currency printed to provide a base for humanity; the essential needs of life; food, shelter, education and healthcare. Not freedom, not security, but what comes before humanity can have either of these things, survival. Life long access to food, shelter, healthcare and education. There is enough. Basic needs are the least expensive and most abundant things a nation can provide its citizens. The Parallel Currency is a way to pay for it. A few countries are already trying to do this with their tax structures and laws, but a Parallel Currency would do it without taxation or inflation. With a stroke of a pen it can be initiated. It is a separate currency that can only be used for basic needs; their creation and distribution and is destroyed when it reaches a bank so it won't create inflation. It also will not inhibit the positive capabilities of existing currencies. They will function normally. The Parallel Currency would be a closed loop created for dignified human survival. A form of this is already used by the major developed nations to supply and sustain their large militaries. You are provided food, shelter, education and healthcare as long as you are employed by the military. China has built, in its isolation, a successful hybrid of Capitalism and Socialism controlled by its Communist government. In approximately 40 years they have brought their massive population out of poverty and become one of the most technologically advanced nations on the planet. Freedom of speech, freedom of religion are not enough. A government by the people, for the people, must also guarantee freedom from starvation, homelessness, and freedom from ignorance and curable illness. All things for which we have, as a human species, developed remedies. This is the overarching injustice of Capitalism. That these remedies exist and have been largely made possible by Capitalism but are not shared with all humanity. People have evolved beyond the war response to disagreements, but governments have not. By eliminating the tensions created by economic inequality with a Parallel Currency dedicated to providing survival needs Worldwide it is possible to see a new way. It is our responsibility to help economics and governments evolve with us. Susan Caumont Renew the Earth, renewthe-earth.org