Earthlings Letter #11 – The Human Species

Jeff & Susan • August 15, 2016

Greetings Earthlings! In this EL, I want to introduce some thoughts about what we are doing here as Earthlings, as a species (a living group that is similar looking and can have babies like themselves) called Human. Scientists have figured that we have been evolving (developing gradually from ancestors closely related to us) on Earth for about 7 to 13 million years!

A drawing of a man and a donkey with the word evolution written on it

That sounds like a long time but in Earth time it is not very long at all. Here is how it works. Earth time (time that Earth has existed and what has happened to it) and time that life has been on Earth and time that Humans have been on Earth are all very different. Earth or Geological Time is the longest and tells us the age of the Earth, around 4.54 billion years. Life on Earth has been developing for about 3 billion years. And the most modern form of human life, Homo Erectus, (our relatives) have only been around for about 1.8 million years (not a billion)!

A diagram of life time , earth time , and our time

But all these numbers and time lines are so long and hard to imagine that this can get really confusing when you try to get a grip on it all. And, as time goes by, we learn more so these timelines keep changing. You can get a sense of what is going on from these numbers but don’t worry about getting them into your memory perfectly.

The word homo comes from a word, used in Europe a very long time ago, that means earth. Truly we are earthlings! But the thing is, even though we have not been around that long we have had a very, very strong effect on our Earth and the other life forms that live here with us – in a very, very short amount of time. Why are we changing things so much? How are we changing things? Is this good? Is this bad? What is it about us that is different than other life that is here? Hmmmmmmm.

A drawing of a person with a question mark above their head

One of the ways to refer to our species is with the name, Homo Erectus, which means that we are humans that stand on two legs, erect, or up right. This is a great thing for us, it frees up our arms and hands to do other things than just move our bodies from place to place. They can carry stuff while we walk and make stuff when we sit or stand. Also, standing up helps us see around us better. Our hands and eyes and brains developed over these almost 2 million years in very different ways because we can stand on our two legs. If you think about it I bet you can think of many ways being bipedal (standing on two legs) has formed us physically and mentally and given us huge advantages over other life forms in some ways.

A stick figure is standing in a blue circle.

We have developed the ability to alter our surroundings to fit our needs and desires and this has changed life on Earth and the Earth itself so much that an epoch has been named after us (by us!). The age of Humans, “anthopocene”, (anthropos is Greek for human) a period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate, environment and life on Earth. How did we do it? How do we do it? And Why? These are questions that have many answers and some of them are just more questions. One answer is that we have the ability to make things that ‘enhance our labor’ (make it so that we can do more than just what our bodies are able to do). An example of this would be the invention or modification of materials to make sharp pointed objects, attach them to a stick that can be thrown at an animal with the idea to kill and eat it. This idea occurred to people a long time ago and it saved a lot of hunting energy and lives. He/she can attack from a safer distance and not have to be right on top of an animal to kill it. This makes the hunter safer and more likely to survive the hunt. Another example that we do in the present time is use fuel to make cars run where ever we want and use fuel to make machines run so that they can work for us. This saves us time and a lot more area is covered faster than walking and more work is done as long as you have fuel for the machine. You may not even have to lift a finger or a shovel or even be there! See if you can think of some things that humans have built that save us time and energy.

How about your bicycle, a skate board, a row boat, roller skates, a washing machine, an oven, a refrigerator, electricity… do these things save you time and energy? If you make a list and keep adding to it as you think of more ‘labor enhancing’ creations we have made I think you will be very surprised how long that list becomes.

Have you ever heard someone say, “ the object of labor is to have leisure” ? This means that we work in order to have free time to do what ever we want and think about what ever we want. This kind of ‘free time’ is very important for all of us humans. It is important for the development of our brains.

A drawing of a person playing a guitar and reading a book.

It lets our brains have time to ‘play’. When we are able to let our minds wander and play, ideas sometimes get clearer, communication gets better, problems get solved, inventions get created and paintings and music and books too! Even ‘sleeping on an idea’ can help us solve it the next day! Also free time is very good for just walking around and looking at stuff and being curious. And very good for getting together to play with your friends!

We have just been thinking about human inventions that help us out, but there are side effects of some of these inventions that are not good for living things (meaning us too!), so we need to be aware of them. To try to understand what is going on. When we talked about clouds in the last EL I told you the names we have given to the clouds that form naturally. But there are other kinds of clouds. Clouds that are formed by human activity, formed by the use of some of these wonderful labor enhancing devices we have made. The burning of fuels to run machines creates smoke that contains particles that rise into the air as clouds and act very differently than normal clouds. These clouds, can change our atmosphere, in particular the Troposphere where our weather forms. How? When fossil fuels (fuels we burn to run cars and machines and factories and power plants etc.) burn, tiny bits of unburned material are carried into the upper air and form cloud covers that block sunlight from coming down to earth and doing its work. And we already know how important the sun is for everything that lives! Weather changes in areas where a lot of these clouds form. Eventually, the effects circle the whole Earth because of wind currents in the Troposphere. You could say that we are now living through a time of human caused weather change. Science can try to predict some of the long term effects of these changes in climate and weather patterns and many people are adjusting to these effect already. Maybe you have noticed them yourself. Some of the symptoms of Human influenced weather change are melting of the arctic ice that results in the rise of water levels in our oceans and this forces some many people from their homes along coastlines and islands. Also, there are temperature changes to much hotter in some places and much colder in other places. And there are many effects that science cannot yet predict. They can only guess.

The balances that Earth has come up with after 4.54 billion years of trial and error are profoundly more intricate and competent than what the minds of humans have come up with in less than a million years. This is something we can turn to as a comfort when we get frightened by the bad side effects of human activity on our shared planet. Earth is constantly compensating and over coming problems that we create for it. Earth is alway seeking balance, chemically and physically through weather, and at a molecular (smaller than we can see) level. Change is always happening. And all life on Earth participates in the balancing act. Trees that photosynthesize, and transform the soil and air, insects that eat leaves and are eaten to sustain other life, and we earthlings contribute in many ways to sustaining balance when we think carefully about what we build and use and throw away and how we do these things day by day.

There is a word that is very important to understand if we want to help Earth keep it’s balance, that word is diversity (a range of different things, variety).

A colorful drawing of a cell with a red border

What does diversity look like, how does it act? One example of diversity at work would be the way that the apple tree has ‘learned’ to survive in many kinds of climates all over the world. If you cut an apple in half you will see its seeds. There are five pockets that hold the seeds and each pocket can hold as many as two. So a really healthy apple has 10 chances to start a new tree. Here is the interesting thing, each of those seeds will form into a different kind of apple tree with different apples than its parent tree. This is the perfect way for a tree to create as many chances as possible for it to survive into the future. Each tree variety would have different tolerances for cold and heat and its fruit would have different desirability to animals that like to eat it. Some apples will be sweet and very edible and others tart and hardly edible. And maybe the sweet apples will be eaten more often and their seed carried farther in the digestive systems of birds and mammals. And maybe fewer tart apples are eaten so those seeds stay closer to the parent tree and are undamaged by chewing so they can sprout and form a tree that eventually makes, guess what, the sweetest apple of all! There are many, many ways this can play out, in fact that is what diversity is all about, infinite possibility! More possibilities than we can ever count.

Apple trees are not the only living things that have evolved infinite diversity. We have too. Every child born is different than the next. Every child has unique potentials and abilities. And they grow into adults that have experiences and react to them in their own ways. And we are all interacting with each other and learning from each other. With all these possibilities I am sure we can and will teach each other how to survive into the future and live within the diversity of all the wonderful life around us. This ability is built into us all!

A red apple with a leaf on a white background.

“You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose.” Dr. Seuss

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Philippines, Coron #2

June 15, 2026

Returning to Caron, Philippines. Several miles off shore, while passing the Island of Borneo, we observed a surreal sight. Stationary skeletal structures on the horizon, some of them with flames shooting from a long up tilted pipe, like a dragon breathing fire. These were oil derricks 30 or more miles from the coast of Brunei burning off natural gas, a volatile by-product of oil drilling. They come into view, are left behind, and new ones appear, as we progress. At least 30 derricks paralleled our course. Normally there is nothing to see except an occasional container ship. So this is exciting. I read that there are at least 200 of them in this vicinity. Also, some have been decommissioned and made into marine habitats, (dismantled and sunk), by the Brunei government who deploys and maintains these derricks. They are a major exporter of oil and share the Island of Borneo with Malaysia and the Philippines. This experience of observing oil drilling activities during an oil crisis feels a bit surreal.

Philippines, Coron #1

June 8, 2026

The approach to Coron, Philippines. Mountains all around, some narrow cream colored strips of beach. Single person open boats drift here and there, some are paddled. The larger colorful outrigger boats glide by like water spiders, leaving no wake. Clouds have bunched and swelled above the land taking up a lot of the sky blue sky. This is the rainy season. Our ship is drifting slowly. We are not expected at port for a while. The opening of the harbor is in sight and a green entrance marker is visible.

Can Capitalism evolve to include basic needs for all humanity?

June 8, 2026

In its present form, Capitalism cannot easily fix the ongoing problems of its own making. It has become an economic formula for much of World commerce. Its empowerment of the often unrestrained pursuit of profit, guided by the optional moral consciences of some individuals, businesses and nations has allowed for broad interpretation resulting in vast destructive behavior. We have been able to personally visit about forty countries during more than a year of continuous travel. Our goal is to complete one circumnavigation within another two years. This trip has developed into a unique opportunity to research World economies. Which was our hope at the onset. We are now in Southeast Asia and it is possible to make a few observations. The opening of ‘free markets’ with Capitalism worldwide has become a modern form of Colonialism. Countries that are thriving go into developing nations with the huge advantage of currency value and technological superiority. They essentially locate in each country resources that can be monetized and profit made, hire employees for less than they can in their home countries, then take the majority of the profit out of the host country. This dramatically changes the existing natural balance in most of these developing countries and thrusts them into the financially unbalanced world of free market capitalism for which they are not prepared and have no immunity. Where we have traveled so far, many developing countries are turned into tourist attractions and the young people are mostly encouraged to aspire to ‘hospitality’ work, keeping their expectations low. The following is a short summary of how Capitalism has evolved in recent history. People have benefited for many hundreds of years from the innovation and competition inherent in the practice of Capitalism. But now the symptoms of its flaws are obvious and too damaging to ignore. When Capitalism fails from its own weaknesses it can, in its final form, become fascism; dictatorial power, militarism, an autocracy that crushes opposition. It makes a few people very rich and creates a dictator to protect their wealth and influence resulting in an ultra nationalist state. When a country is completely invested in Capitalism, like the US, it must constantly monitor its military and financial power in the World. Looking back; the US petro dollar was established during the 1973 energy crisis by Nixon/Kissinger, in order to keep the US dollar strong next to other currencies. Controlling the high value of a nation's currency is essential for Capitalism to thrive and it was clear that oil was the blood of World economies. Arab oil traded for dollars in exchange for US military protection was the deal with the Saudi government. Because oil energy is a major labor saving device and creates exponential productivity and wealth, trading dollars for oil made the US Dollar the “preferred currency” and kept its value high. In 2024 the agreement with Saudi Arabia expired because the US could no longer protect Arab nations militarily. Also the rise of renewable energies challenged oil supremacy. One of Capitalism’s characteristics is to concentrate wealth in the hands of a few and encourage profit making over stabilization of a good quality of life for the rest of humanity. Over emphasis on profit making has suppressed education, healthcare and general dignified survival wherever it dominates. Wealth is not a barometer of intelligence or happiness. It is an advantage in Capitalist societies that opens opportunities in education and business. All it takes is a few powerful people to keep Capitalism going, apparently the richest 10% of the World population. That Capitalism has lasted so long is in part a testimony to its ability to keep adapting and improving on its least attractive strengths: control over the means of production, control over the value of currencies, amorality, exploitation, and a powerful military. Capitalism is presently a pervasive economic belief system and acts as a powerful temptation and World influence. Its social impact is on par with Communism, Democracy, Religiosity, Socialism, Liberalism, Conservativism, etc. This has again been made clear by the present oil/food crisis, created by the US/Israel attack on Iran that resulted in Iran closing the Strait of Hormuz. (Was this war a move on the part of the US to control oil and keep the USD strong?) This situation may already be worse than the energy crisis in the 70’s that created the US petro dollar. The World population is larger and more interconnected economically than ever before, making this oil shock even more damaging than the one in the 70’s. Oil is a valuable fair trade commodity. Its locations and price are controlled by a handful of companies and nations. (A common characteristic of Capitalism.) This essential energy source is centralized and vulnerable. The World economic system is in shock and being held hostage to the flow and price of oil. But this time there is a competitor for preferred currency, China's Yuan. Humans have become, over approximately 500 years, adapted to Capitalism. It feels inevitable, no matter what it destroys. It has captured the popular imagination like a religion. But unlike religions it encourages people to cast aside concerns of morality and the fate of humanity. Its symptoms and failures are explained away as the evils inherent in humanity or individual failures. But religions have shown they can evolve. Economics can evolve also. Like the worm of Protestantism that entered the apple of Catholicism, maybe there is a pest that can invade the Capitalist feeding frenzy. This pest could be in the form of a Parallel Currency, that would create, in time, a hybrid World economy dedicated to the dignified survival of all humanity. Any nation or state could introduce a Parallel Currency to be used next to existing currency. A currency printed to provide a base for humanity; the essential needs of life; food, shelter, education and healthcare. Not freedom, not security, but what comes before humanity can have either of these things, survival. Life long access to food, shelter, healthcare and education. There is enough. Basic needs are the least expensive and most abundant things a nation can provide its citizens. The Parallel Currency is a way to pay for it. A few countries are already trying to do this with their tax structures and laws, but a Parallel Currency would do it without taxation or inflation. With a stroke of a pen it can be initiated. It is a separate currency that can only be used for basic needs; their creation and distribution and is destroyed when it reaches a bank so it won't create inflation. It also will not inhibit the positive capabilities of existing currencies. They will function normally. The Parallel Currency would be a closed loop created for dignified human survival. A form of this is already used by the major developed nations to supply and sustain their large militaries. You are provided food, shelter, education and healthcare as long as you are employed by the military. China has built, in its isolation, a successful hybrid of Capitalism and Socialism controlled by its Communist government. In approximately 40 years they have brought their massive population out of poverty and become one of the most technologically advanced nations on the planet. Freedom of speech, freedom of religion are not enough. A government by the people, for the people, must also guarantee freedom from starvation, homelessness, and freedom from ignorance and curable illness. All things for which we have, as a human species, developed remedies. This is the overarching injustice of Capitalism. That these remedies exist and have been largely made possible by Capitalism but are not shared with all humanity. People have evolved beyond the war response to disagreements, but governments have not. By eliminating the tensions created by economic inequality with a Parallel Currency dedicated to providing survival needs Worldwide it is possible to see a new way. It is our responsibility to help economics and governments evolve with us. Susan Caumont Renew the Earth, renewthe-earth.org

Indonesia, East Timor

May 18, 2026

They have only recently become independent; 2002. The struggle and tragedy of this objective still vibrates in the air and has left scars. Poverty, deteriorating roads and sidewalks, buildings and ambitions. In the intense heat of the day, most shops can't afford to have or to turn on air-conditioning. A large tree shaded park where an unchained warrior statue shouts to the sky, is heavily used by all ages.

Indonesia, Waingapo

May 8, 2026

Our arrival on the island of Waingapo is welcomed with a red carpet. The carpet leads expectantly to where several men wait, holding 11” by 14” laminated photo narratives of tours they can take you on and tell you about with three word comments in English. Past them chairs, also covered in red, have been set up under an awning for our “dignitaries.” Beside these are a few tables with souvenirs. Several young boys wait on either side of the red carpet to perform for the passengers as they disembark. Many local people are also waiting in the growing heat for the Exodus of the passengers. Ours may be the first cruise ship that has stopped at their island. One passenger finally emerges and avoids the carpet and the boys. They are shocked. Eventually a group does come out together and allow themselves to be greeted and entertained. They have selfies taken with the boys. Then return to walking and looking into the screens of their phones, bowed over them like they are praying After exiting the port area there is a long walk through parked cars, trucks and taxi drivers out to the crumbling asphalt of the main road. It is lined with vendors, a gauntlet of drinks and snacks. A ferry is unloading, people and motorcycles are streaming out. These are the customers the vendors are waiting for. A large number of motorcycles are parked on either side of the road waiting for their owners. We make our way between the crowds of people and vehicles to the hot uphill slope of the road that goes somewhere, which is hidden from sight by bunches of dark green trees. Shortly we are defeated by the heat and start back. Access to other parts of the island that are considered appropriate for tourists require a taxi, negotiations for price and where it will go. Generally we try to avoid this and are most interested in what we can observe and who we can meet by walking. We talk to a motorcyclist on our way back who says he has access to local Royalty. Jeff describes the Parallel Currency concept to him and gives him our website card. I am also able to pick up some interesting scraps of paper from the garbage that lines the road. I use their patterns and color to create abstract images on postcards I make to send to friends and family. In the end this has turned out to be a very satisfactory walk. There are very few palm trees here, which is remarkable. A different ecosystem than Bali. The mountains are low, flat topped and shelved. They define the spine of the island. Bunches of dark green trees patchwork the slopes getting denser as they approach the water. The water is blue/green and clear, fishing boats are high prowed and the smaller boats have outriggers made of bent PVC tubing. It is now early evening and the sun is low. I am walking around the outside deck of our ship taking in the 360 degree view and the sounds. On the starboard side a band is playing on shore and a singer starts up a contemporary tune. As I round the bow a chant drifts through the dusk, the Muslim evening prayer. This dominates the port side then at the stern blends with the music on shore, which dominates on the starboard side. Round and round as I walk they alternately blend and retreat, blend and retreat. I notice as I look out over the port side that the tide has gone out and long flats of seaweed, rocks and soil are exposed. People have walked out onto these surfaces to harvest edible sea life, gathering them into plastic buckets and bags. I feel like I am watching history.

Bali, part two

May 4, 2026

We dock at the port of Bali. It is too hot and far to walk anywhere, so we hired a taxi driver for the day and invited our friend Wido to come with us. He is Indonesian, his home is in Jakarta and this is his first visit to Bali. Indonesia is a country of 17,508 islands. There is a governor on each one who communicates with the central government. Few Indonesians have visited every island. What strikes me immediately as our driver, Budi, finds his way through the dense traffic, is the careful weeding of the center island between opposing lanes. This is exceptional because of the extreme heat. No one could be doing this during the day. People must come out at night, when it is cooler, and meticulously pull the weeds. It becomes clear as the day passes and more and more of Bali is revealed, that attention to detail and extreme patience is a characteristic of the Balinese. The traffic is a dense mix of motorcycles, cars and trucks.

Indonesia, Bali, part one, Water

April 28, 2026

Like an exotic jewel set in the archipelago of Indonesia, Bali glitters and enchants. The Balinese have retained their unique community through intense social/religious bonds, hard work, exceptional talent and great sacrifice through the centuries to become a beautiful, gentle and inspirational community. Now, because of these unique qualities and accomplishments, finally and fatally they have become a primary tourist attraction that presently dominates 80% of their economy. The irony is that this may be the thing that destroys an incredible place and its people that hundreds of years of oppression and wars did not. If they don't soon diversify and return to the trusted systems that meant survival for their society over more than a thousand years Bali will no longer be a wonder of the World. Their unique form of Hinduism understood the root of survival when their irrigation system, subak, was first built. It was defined as a religious object to be venerated and protected with prayer, with temples and maintained by priests. Rooted in the Balinese philosophy, Tri Hita Karana, the principle of achieving harmony between humans, nature and the divine. It was the source of the staple food, rice. Water came from lake Batur, in the crater of the extinct volcano Kintamani, irrigated the hand cleared and formed terraces of rice paddies that descend in beauty and function to the sea. Seedlings hand planted by the women, sheaves of rice attached to the ends of poles carried across the shoulders of the men to the storage huts simple activities, carried out over more than one thousand years, that meant survival for a society. And the ancient kings of Bali also came together to sanction the subak. Agreement between religion and state. A rare thing in history and in the present. So what is happening now? How is tourism threatening the survival of the Bali we have come to know and admire? Aren't people coming to praise and enjoy? Isn't that a good thing? It is not the intentions of the visitors, it is the structures built around tourism that make tourism possible, they have become destructive. Why are they destructive? The answer is water. Because of the demands of hotels and resorts for fresh water, the water table has dropped by around 60%. Into the void presses the salt water of the sea. Not only is the amount of fresh water that feeds the subak compromised it is threatened by salination and made unusable for rice growing. This situation is sometimes referred to as being caught between a rock and a hard place. The government needs to step in and limit or freeze new construction of resorts till a sustainable balance is found. Also, water use needs to be prioritized and rationed for essential use, the subak system as a primary user. Finally, the income from tourism must be distributed back to the Balinese people for their dignified survival and flourishing. The dependency on tourism has created an imbalance. Men can be seen sleeping rough in the parks. There is desperation in the eyes of the women who sell clothing and souvenirs in the outside stalls. The main profession encouraged for children is hospitality work. The majority of profit from tourism needs to be returned to the people. They have earned it, they have built what we admire, they have carried in their hands and hearts the unique social compromise that has survived to this day against impossible odds and now it is being challenged by economic forces, more subtle but no less aggressive and destructive than war. Susan Caumont

Fremantle; searching for authenticity and fuel

April 17, 2026

Sea days pass differently than land days. At sea the ocean and the ship's passengers are the changing features. Land life has extra distractions, vehicles, shops, museums, temples, churches, gardens, bird song, dogs barking, taxi drivers, venders, airplanes, the full extent of human activity. During sea days I prefer to observe the ocean. I am aware of the passengers; like being part of an extended family or small village where you know most of the people a little and a few well. But the opportunity to be on the water for long periods is special. Sometimes, when the ocean is calm, a criss-crossing pattern may be seen on the surface, a delicate weave of vibration. I wonder if marine life is creating it, communicating. Other times the water heaves and agitates like an angry crowd is running here and there under a silk sheet. We sail six days from Adelaide to Fremantle, for the most part we encounter easy swells on this trip. The ocean lets us pass with tranquil, breathing heaves up and down. When we arrive there is an art festival in progress downtown. Crowds of people have traveled by train from the suburbs. We walk in. Some streets are blocked, making way for displays of crafts, performers, food venders and pedestrians. People are all around, eating, talking, buying stuff and watching the performers. Clowns, singers and acrobats compete for attention and overhead huge soap bubbles float, generated by the children nearby. It is a perfect day and everyone is out to have a good time.

Tasmania, Hobart

April 7, 2026

Our stop in Melbourne was only for a day. There are plans to return after we visit Tasmania, which is just south of Melbourne. When you look at a map you can see where the island broke from Australia, a ragged triangle torn from the continent. England brought their convicts here to establish a penal colony in 1803, (convict transport ended in 1851, 50 years later) the colony eventually became Hobart, the capital city. Convicts were brought by sail. All the way from England around the southernmost tip of Africa, Cape Agulhas. A cape historically known to clipper ship sailors as a significant hazard, notorious for mammoth rogue waves of up to 30 meters (100 feet). What could these unlucky people have done to be banished on such a dangerous trip and so far away to an “uncivilized” island? Turns out prostitution and unwed pregnancy was enough to get sent there if you were a woman. And being an orphan, if you were a child.

Australia

March 25, 2026

The yellow pilot boat is approaching. A pilot will be brought onboard to guide our ship through the harbor. As we progress, a stretch of islands pass us on the left then, the coastline, on both sides. Sailboats, white triangles against the dark blue water, shine in the distance. Cliffs drop sheer from the pastureland to the tan beaches. Dark green groves fill the crevasses. We cruise along under the dome of the sky. Soon we will be docked at Port Melbourne, Hobson's Bay, Australia. Living life onboard, traveling around the world, I feel like a spirit watching the living as they go about their activities. I am a temporary exhalation, undetected then gone. But their doings remain in my mind. Humans are so very busy, especially the young adults. It takes significant aging to bring on stillness and reflection. My obscurity can make me sentimental. I feel a general affection for anyone who passes. I saw a baby watching sea gulls eat the French fries that someone had tossed to them. I imagined her forming her own impressions of everything around and not yet named. I wished her well and hoped that the war would end soon.